The most important types of solid wastes with considerable biomethanation potential are municipal solid waste msw, kitchen waste, garden waste, energy crops maize, grass, sugarcane, etc. The wastes, collected from the residential houses, markets, streets and other places mostly in the urban areas and disposed of by municipal bodies are called municipal solid wastes msw. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage us, refuse or rubbish uk is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. These include urban wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes, biomedical wastes and radioactive wastes. Solid waste disposal and management includes planning, administrative, financial, engineering and legal functions. Solid waste disposal management is usually referred to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. Solid wastes refer to anything that is abandoned and discarded but is not limited to physically solid materials. Solid wastes these are the unwanted substances that are discarded by human society. An introduction to anaerobic digestion of organic wastes. Liquid and solid waste types can also be grouped into organic, reusable and recyclable waste. Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on their source. All nonhazardous solid waste from a community that requires collection and transport to a processing or disposal site is called refuse or municipal solid waste msw. Waste definitions and classifications department of agriculture.
Solid waste types of solid waste disposing solid waste. Solid waste management types with methods and its effects. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition by dr. Nonmunicipal solid waste is a large category of waste that is often divided into three types. Abstractsolid wastes may be defined as useless, unused, unwanted, or discarded material available in solid form. Some solid waste can also be converted to a liquid waste form for disposal. Water supply, if gets contaminated with pathogens present in solid wastes, may result in cholera, jaundice, hepatitis, gastro enteric diseases etc. Separating different types of waste components is an important step in the handling and storage of solid waste at the source.
Some of the major types of solid waste management are as follows. The biodegradable solid wastes are agricultural wastes, food wastes, paper, food processing by products, manure, yard wastes etc. According to the daily dawn dated february 27th,2002, karachi alone produces about some 10,000 metric tones of solid waste daily out of which only 30 40 percent is transported and dumped into open landfills while the rest is either left unattended or is being burnt insitu. I types, amounts and effects of industrial solid wastes jinhui li 4 solid wastes from the chemical industry this kind of wastes includes inferior products semifinished products, outgrowth. The classification categorizes the sources into three divisions and. Evaluation of solid waste generation, categories and. This project considers all waste materials, including solid, liquid and. Types of anaerobic digesters for solid wastes 23 in order to prevent plugging of the support material, improve mass transfer of substrates to biofilm, and improve degasification. Solid waste disposal 2006 ipcc guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories 3. In the waste management process, the wastes are collected from the different sources and are disposed of. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional. Pdf classification of sources of municipal solid wastes in. Types of waste generally, waste could be liquid or solid waste. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw.
Solid waste management swm in most developing countries is characterized by inefficient collection methods, insufficient coverage of the collection system and improper disposal of municipal solid wastes. Types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Liquid wastes wastes generated from washing, flushing or. For other situations, the types of waste, garbage, rubbish, ashes, street waste is of greater significance because it gives a better indication of the physical and chemical characteristics. Pdf disposal of solid wastes is a stinging and widespread problem in. Solid waste any unwanted product which is not a liquid or gas in our surroundings and from our daily products. For example, endrin is a pesticide which is a listed p051 and characteristic d012 hazardous waste.
Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. It is typically the job of the generator, subject to local, national and even international authorities. Food wastes, paper, cardboard, plastics, textiles, leather, yard wastes, wood, glass, metals, ashes, special wastes e. Solid wastes include the domestic and industrial garbages such used newspapers and magazines, broken gases and glass conteners, plastic pieces, metalic scraps, aluminium materials, wooden articles, polythene bags and so on. Solid wastes from commercial buildings are collected in large containers that may be stationary or transportable. The type and quantity of waste generated in emergency situations varies greatly. Solid wastes include solid portions of the discarded material such as glass bottles, crockeries, plastic containers, metals and radioactive wastes. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. The municipal solid wastes are a mixture of paper, plastic, clothes, metals, glass, organic matter etc.
An msw facility may also accept certain special wastes and nonhazardous industrial solid wastes if approved by the tceq executive director. Types of wastes different types and sources of wastes. Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi solid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial. Thus, they conducted the components of the solid waste. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. Aerated static pile composting produces compost relatively quickly within three to six months. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and appropriately. In curb or alley service, the residents carry the singleuse plastic bags. Choking of drains and gully pits by the solid wastes. Some may have acute or immediate effect on human or animals. To find a waste management facility convenient to you. The main obstacle in the processing of msw is the separation of the organic biodegradable matter from other parts of msw such as plastics and metals. Municipal solid waste household waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. Information and data on the physical characteristics of solid wastes are important for the selection and operation of equipment and for the analysis and design of disposal facilities.
Chapter 7 solid waste management choose your language. Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas. Thus the feedstock can be mixed with water and other appropriate liquid wastes such as sewage sludge or recirculated liquid from the digester effluent ref. Solid wastes controlling methods biology discussion. The report further stated that unattended wastes lying around attract flies, rats, and other creatures that, in turn, spread diseases. Types of solid wastes from this page you will find information regarding the proper handling, disposal and treatment of solid wastes dec is involved with. The solid wastes may be biodegradable or nonbiodegradable. Things that are thrown away because they are no longer of any use or requirement known as solid wastes. Because of their physical characteristics or chemical makeup, some of these wastes require special handling procedures and disposal methods in order to be protective of human health and the. Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial. Ecological solid waste management refers to the systematic administration of activities which provide for segregation at source, segregated transportation, storage, transfer, processing, treatment, and disposal of solid waste and all other waste management activities which do not harm the environment. Collection of solid waste university of asia pacific. The term solid waste management mainly refers to the complete process of collecting, treating and disposing of the solid wastes.
Thus, a connection between the source and the type of waste is established. For meeting the specifications of disposal, some treatment process modifying the. Waste definitions can determine whether a material is a waste or a product or resource, and that determination can have significant regulatory, environmental and financial impacts for the whole waste management system, including waste generators, processors, transporters and disposal operators. New york state has an established program to manage solid waste to help protect and preserve the environment. Types of waste waste medical waste municipal solid waste hazardous waste radioactive waste industrial waste spent fuel highlevel lowlevel uranium mill tailings manufacturing. Rats dwelling with infectious solid wastes may spread diseases like plague, salmonellosis, trichinosis, endemic typhus etc. A breakdown of solid waste types and sources is provided in table 8. Jul 23, 2012 solid waste is any waste generated by every day human activities. Toxic wastes are those that are poisonous in small or trace amounts. The biogas produced during the digestion stagehas to be upgraded because it. Three tiers to estimate the ch4 emissions from swds are described. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. Semisolid food wastes and municipal sludge may also be included in municipal solid waste.
It is suitable for a relatively homogenous mix of organic waste and work well for larger quantity generators of yard trimmings and compostable municipal solid waste e. The major physical characteristics measured in waste are. The subject of solid wastes came to the national limelight after the passage of the solid. Depending on the source of solid waste, it can be classified into different types. The collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of solid wastes, particularly wastes. This process includes transportation, analysis, legal procedures, along with monitoring and enforcing regulations. Commercial management facilities for hazardous and. Separation and processing and transformation of solid wastes the types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that. Classification of solid waste, sources, composition elements of solid waste management. Read this article to learn about types, sources, effects and methods of solid waste management. Scan the list for the regional headquarters nearest you. Solid waste may be in the form of household garbage, leftovers of food and other wastage that include old house hold items such as papers, plastic waste in the form of kitchen equipment or any other products that are consumed during every day activities. In general, the wastes may be classified into the following categories.
Only a few documents have been specifically written to provide the type of. Wastes that may be accepted by municipal solid waste. Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. If these solid wastes are not properly treated and disposed of, they can cause. Municipal solid waste consists of household waste, construction and demolition debris, sanitation residue, and waste from streets. The leather processing industry produces large amounts of solid organic wastes in the form of untanned trimmings, fleshings, splits and tanned trimmings, splits and shavings waste from raw hides and skins, semiprovessed leather, as well as sludge as a result of wastewater treatment. Solid waste management is a polite term for garbage management.
Classification of solid waste, sources, composition. Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes 6 depending on the solid content see chapter 1. In residential areas, the most common collection methods are curb or alley, setoutsetback, and backyard carry. An analysis of solid waste generation and waste management. They can also include liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material. As long as liumans have been living in settled communities, solid waste, or garbage, has been an issue, and modern societies generate far more solid waste than early humans. Since solid waste consist of several types of waste, it is important to briefly examine the various forms and types of solid waste.
In general, the urban solid wastes are called refuse. No municipal waste is a very small part of total solid wastes. Reactive wastes are those that have a tendency to react vigorously with air or water are. Solid waste is any waste generated by every day human activities. A municipal solid waste msw facility may accept various types of municipal solid waste for processing or disposal, depending on the type of facility. Certain types of wastes that cause immediate danger to exposed individuals or environments are classified as hazardous.
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